Essential Question Did the formation of the National...

Essential Question: Did the formation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its programs positively affect the people of the United States? On October 1st, 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) formally opened its doors for advancements in space and atmospheric research. After the launch of the Soviet Unions Sputnik 1, Earths first artificial satellite, on October 4th, 1957, United States President, Dwight D. Eisenhower asked his science advisor, Dr. James Killian, to research the best process to develop a national space program. Killian presented many proposals to Eisenhower, who eventually approved Killians proposal of instituting a civilian space agency built around the militaristic†¦show more content†¦As a consequence of the tensions between the superpowers, NASAs birth was directly related to the pressures of national defense. (Garber and Launius, 2005). The launch of the Soviet spacecraft created an idea in the United States that the Soviets were far more technologically advanced. To counter this thinking, the US government created NASA and it marked the beginning of the space ra ce. The reasons for the formation of NASA listed in the National Aeronautics and Space Act differ from the primary reason listed above. In the bill, it states the space program will contribute to the following objectives: The expansion of human knowledge of phenomena in the atmosphere and space; The improvement of the usefulness, performance, speed, safety, and efficiency of aeronautical and space vehicles; The development and operation of vehicles capable of carrying instruments, equipment, supplies and living organisms through space; The establishment of long-range studies of the potential benefits to be gained from, the opportunities for, and the problems involved in the utilization of aeronautical and space activities for peaceful and scientific purposes. (National Aeronautics and Space Act, 1958). Though these reasons differed from the primary force behind the creation of the agency, all were factors to decide upon its formation. How did NASAs programs affect the people? NASA created technologies that wereShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Ess1197 Words   |  5 PagesayMacbeth Essay 3. The power of the play is its relevance to today’s society. We are surrounded in everyday life by men and women who might as well have been characters in this play. The play of Macbeth has themes in it which can be associated with people who live in our world today. In Macbeth we see a king who abuses his power and uses it for the wrong reasons. He almost always get away with it. Despite the fact that there were people that were suspicious of Macbeth, he was never broughtRead MoreThe Emergency Services Sector ( Ess ) Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The Emergency Services Sector (ESS) is one of the most important sectors in America. The sector is the largest in terms of personnel. This sector trains and utilizes both physical and cyber resources in order to provide a multitude of services for daily operations and critical incident responses. The sector itself is comprised paid staff as well as volunteers from within each community that they serve. The sector is composed of five sub groups: law enforcement, fire and emergencyRead MoreUsing Evolutionarily Stable Strategies ( Ess ) And Signaling Theory3035 Words   |  13 Pagesany direct trace of human language’s emergence, many hypotheses have been proposed to connect the few dots we have now. The concepts of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) and signaling theory have complicated this already intricate matter, but they have also helped to shine a light on a different facet of the problem. An ESS is, by definition, a strategy that cannot be displaced by any alternative strategy (as long as the alternative strategy is initially rare) once it is fixed in a populationRead MoreEvan Higgins. Uw Ess 102. Due: 4/10/2017. Human Vs Robotic1539 Words   |  7 PagesEvan Higgins UW ESS 102 Due: 4/10/2017 Human Vs Robotic Space Exploration Space. Possibly the most unforgiving place possible for humans, and yet we desire to go there. We desire to travel to distant planets, new galaxies, and to know all that there is to know. We want all of this, and yet the mission to mars, and the first missions to the moon, we sent robots. There are many reasons for this and why we didn’t send humans, but the main reason we haven’t sent as many humans to space, is cost. ItRead MoreA Meta Analysis Of Schizophrenia Used By Heinrichs And Zakzanis1109 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies; similarly, the nonverbal memory domain SMD was -0.91. All three of the memory domains contained a high heterogeneity of ESs. However, immediate verbal memory tests that resulted in smaller ESs found among first episode samples had a small percentage of males, and samples were only diagnosed with schizophrenia (not mixed varieties). In addition, smaller ESs found in the delayed verbal memory and learning strategies domain contained more recentl y published studies. Lastly, the nonverbalRead MoreThe European Union And Its Institutions1183 Words   |  5 Pagesproposed methods of data analysis. Data In order to investigate the hypotheses, I have chosen to use the European Social Survey (ESS). ESS aims to investigate attitudinal changes within the European countries. ESS is a cross-national survey, carried out every second year starting from 2002. In total, there are six rounds, where the most recent round is from 2012 (ESS Round 6, 2012). The survey consists of a core questionnaire varying a theme module questionnaire – one for each round. The core questionnaireRead MoreStochastic Synchronization Of Distributed Energy Resources1177 Words   |  5 Pagesgrid as a means of supplementing supply requirements [1]. Energy resource scheduling in a micro grid is different from that of a large power network due to its size, power exchange with the main grid, and charging/discharging of energy storage system (ESS) [2]. Indeed, controllable DGs in a micro grid are much smaller than power systems, reflecting an easier switching operation and hence a more flexible scheduling [2]. How ever, today’s micro grids are subject to operational challenges such as bidirectionalRead MoreProject Analysis : Hop Hlp Project1466 Words   |  6 Pagesstatus. The project will go live in the ninth December of 2016. †¢ System Implementation. The end users for this system are all SATORP employees that want to request for a home ownership or loan. The layout of the system is In the home page of ESS (Employee Self Service) the user will be entering its account information as it is in the SAP system. Then the system will display the account with the name of the employee and the Badge number and retrieve certain information needed for the rankingRead MoreBritish Airways Information System1483 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Support System (ESS) Executive Support System (ESS) supports management in BA to make long term unstructured decisions and addresses strategic issues. Executives use this information tool, as it provides relevant data about British Airways internal and external environment which enables BA to match its organisational capability to changes, and opportunities, occurring in its external environment ESS Workstation Graphics Communications Local processing Menus ESS Workstati on Internal dataRead MoreWriting Assignment : Race And Sports1505 Words   |  7 PagesExam # 3: ESS 330 Writing assignment: Race and Sports Race is defined as a category of people regarded as socially distinct because they share genetically transmitted traits believed to be important by people in a society with power and influence (PPT slide ESS330). In sports, race has and continues to be snared with question, but as former Israeli Olympic athlete Gideon Ariel underscores: â€Å"I know that the American system is very sensitive to statements

Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal And The Daily Show

For centuries, the act of a common citizen pointing out the faults of a country has always been frowned upon. Individuals have had to mute their grievances and wait for slow and often ineffective changes to take place. However, in the eighteenth century Jonathan Swift broke societys norms through his highly disturbing and shocking satirical piece A Modest Proposal. Swift proposes to the English Protestants a cannibal solution for the Irish Catholic children who are dying of starvation and diseases on the streets each day. Swift’s far from â€Å"modest† solution paved the way for modern day satirical outlets like The Daily Show. In a time where news commentators are reporting their own beliefs rather than unbiased news, The Daily Show has†¦show more content†¦He explains to them that if one news channel makes a mistake then it hurts everyone collectively similarly to how Mexican immigrants as a whole are being blamed for the mistakes of few people. Both Swift an d The Daily Show through their pieces are hiding the actions of their opponents within their exaggerations. The pieces hold a deeper meaning when the opponents are able to realize their wrong actions on their own rather than being scolded for it. This method allows them to look within themselves. As a result, satire is an outlet for individuals to express their concerns seeing that people do not realize the true meaning at first glance. Second, A Modest Proposal and The Daily Show are successful in targeting the individuals that they are frustrated with. Swift throughout his piece highlights the stereotype faced by Irish women when he refers to them as â€Å"constant breeders† (319), which demonstrates that the British simply saw them as lowly individuals. Ironically, Swift does not view the killing of children as inhumane or wrong. In fact, he refers to them as animals when he states they will dress the children â€Å"for the knife, as we do roasting pigs† (317). Swift does not consider them humans with rights but livestock. Swift’s use of irony is effective because it reveals the English deep-seated hate for the Irish. They are slowly killing the parents so whyShow MoreRelatedNot Many People Can Write A Proposal Consisting Of Three1396 Words   |  6 PagesNot many people can write a proposal consisting of three thousand three hundred and seventy-six words in which political and economic issu es are discussed and given a solution in such a serious yet sarcastic tone, but this is exactly what Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal does. Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland to British parents and as result of this, he yearned to get as far away as he could from the Irish. After he was ordained into the Church of Ireland in 1964, he was exposed to the livesRead MoreJonathan Swift’s Essay A Modest Proposal, and Voltaire’s Novella, Candide999 Words   |  4 Pageslong or short, essay or novella. In these two works, the authors bring light to ongoing social, political, and philosophical issues of their time and age. The two works I am referring to are Jonathan Swift’s satirical essay, A Modest Proposal, and Voltaire’s novella, Candide, or Optimism. In both A Modest Proposal and Candide, there is a portrayal of irony, cold logic and reasoning rather than emotion, and misguided philosophy. Exploring the issues within these texts can implement a bett er understandingRead MoreCompare/Contrast Thomas Jefferson and Jonathan Swift1434 Words   |  6 Pagesthe citizens have to show their dissent, and what form should that dissent take? All of these are questions looking to be answered, with varying degrees of seriousness, by Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Swift. Thomas Jefferson’s A Declaration of Independence may be thought of as a universal symbol of traditional American values, however in it exists several layers of meaning, each appealing to the reader and their sense of social responsibility. While Swift’s A Modest Proposal attempts a similar entreatyRead MoreJonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal1456 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Swift was an Irish poet and satirist of the eighteenth century. Although the son of Englishmen, Swift was born and raised in Ireland. While living in Ireland, he witnessed the death of thousands of Irish due to starvation which was caused due to crop failure. Swift, who wasn’t even personally affected by the issue, acknowledged that the death of the Irish population which he argues was caused because of the neglect of English landowners. Instead of allowing for the is sue to continue to beRead MoreAnalysis Of Swift s A Modest Proposal 1546 Words   |  7 Pagesactivism, irony, exaggeration, humor, and ridicule are all valuable rhetorical tools to expose faults and make a point (New Oxford American Dictionary). Both Jonathan Swift and William Blake confront social systems of oppression in their literary careers, most notably with A Modest Proposal and Songs of Innocence respectively. Swift’s A Modest Proposal is an address to the wealthy English and appeal to the consumerism that drives economic exploitation that causes inequity and poverty. Due to the tenseRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels 1933 Words   |  8 PagesProfessor Lund Final Paper 14 May 2017 Throughout all of Jonathan Swift’s writings there are many commonalities. One in particular that stands out is the use of satire throughout both â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels†, which tells the story of a series of voyages of Lemuel Gulliver’s published in 1726, and â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, where Swift uses the idea of cannibalism to captivate his audience as well as focus on society’s problems. Throughout Swift’s life, politics and religion had a huge impact on him and moreRead MoreSummary Of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal918 Words   |  4 PagesIrish. One of these people was a man named Jonathan Swift. In his essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† Swift challenges the status quo of the time and place in which it was written by proposing that they eat the children of the poor, ending the hate between the Protestants and the Catholics, and suggesting that the landowners have mercy towards their tenants. In his essay, Swift first suggests that the population of Ireland eat the children of the poor. This proposal would shock anyone, but it was definitely

Diversity and healthcare Free Essays

Managing a Diverse Workforce The health care institution is making the possible steps to address the concerns disclosed during the mock accreditation assessment. Various working teams and groups are being organized to develop corrective action plans for forecasted dilemmas as they become evident. For this scenario, I was chosen to lead a specific project team. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversity and healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because I’m aware that diversity is an important element to producing successful outcomes, I’ve scheduled a meeting with other team leaders to provide information on this subject. Therefore, a preparation for a report on the value of diversity on the following was initiated: †¢ Work Groups Functions †¢ Different Forms †¢ The types of diversity as it is important among healthcare organizations †¢ Tools that can help ensure that diversity principle exists in these project teams Effective work groups’ main goal is to engage in external knowledge sharing; they exchange information, ideas, and feedback, the values of sharing different ideas and knowledge increases with diversity, their different organizational affiliations, roles, or positions, can expose the group to unique sources of knowledge. It is hypothesized that if members of structurally diverse work groups engage in external knowledge sharing, they will be exposed to different elements of work principles because of this active exchange of knowledge through unique external sources can establish new information frontiers. The following values should be taken in consideration when dealing with diversity within a workgroup: †¢ There is a need to stick to the regulations and be pertinent while communicating with a diverse workforce. †¢ It is crucial to avoid the use of slang words when having a conversation with individuals coming from a diverse workforce. †¢ . There is a need to understand how the persons from different cultures interpret communications. †¢ There should be proper mentoring of people from different cultures and sectors. †¢ There should be communications training given to local employees while communicating with a diverse workforce. †¢ Extra training should be given to foreign employees while communicating with a diverse workforce. †¢ Open-doors policy should be moderated while communicating with a diverse workforce The work group function is to build skills and knowledge while helping others to understand what each team member does, and actively reflecting on team accomplishments and challenges. The values of diversity forms are categories in social diversity, diversity in values, and information resource diversity. There are also moderating variables such as work type and work interdependence, on workgroup performance Organizations are now initiating to discard the old stereotype of the `ideal manager` and are beginning to consider the idea that realized factors such as any genders, any ages, racial groups, ethnic affiliation and cultural types can produce excellent managers. Healthcare organizations are able to see more creativity and innovations due to the embracement of letting go of this old stereotype in which the resulting diversity can bring a competitive advantage to the healthcare organization. To reach this point, healthcare administrators must grasp several concepts. They must first have the ability to understand exactly what diversity entails. Then there should also be an understanding of the purpose behind diversity management. Third, healthcare administrators must understand that other unknown or invisible biases do exist in their respective workplace. Finally, managers should be aware of the solutions they can employ to deal with the issues of diversity management; tools that can help ensure that diversity exists in these project teams for better competency. Specific skills and knowledge areas essential for managing a diverse workforce with sensitivity and competency begin with managers who knowledgeable in cross cultural skills, business practices and customs as well as possess increased knowledge about cultural sensitivity issues and communication styles of different cultures in order to operate and communication and thus function effectively in an increasingly diverse workforce. Managers must have developed great communication styles attuned to different cultures to prevent any communication gaps and confusion while relaying info to a diverse workforce. Managers need superior interpersonal and communication skills to lead any workforce especially one that is made up of various ethnic groups, generations, and other orientations. Knowledge of diversity principles is essential. All employees’ wants and delegated needs significantly evolve according to how they want their life stages to be characterized, and an efficient manager will adjust to these types of changes. By drastically addressing these changes, managers can structure a stable organizational culture out of identified diversity. (Goliath Business Knowledge on Demand, 2003) References Goliath Business Knowledge on Demand. (2003, June 01). Retrieved February 29, 2003, from Industry Market Reports: http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-63372/Diversity-management-an-imperative-for.html Liebler, J. G. (2004). Management Principles for Heath Professional. Sudbury, MA: How to cite Diversity and healthcare, Essay examples

Common Themes In Short Stories Essay Example For Students

Common Themes In Short Stories Essay James Joyce, a most prestigious author of many titles, has incorporated into his works many different thoughts, life experiences, as well as themes. Those three things that he used in his works I believe are what made him the awesome author he is today. The main focus of this paper is to inform you of the themes that reoccur in many of his short stories. Some themes that I noticed were: family, frustration, dreams of escape, love infatuations, and finally, sin. Family is a strong theme in Joyces writings for in Araby, the young teen finds himself obeying his uncle and asking his permission to go to the festival showing his sense of respect and need for family. In Eveline the family theme can be seen when Eveline stays and takes over the role of head of the household as a teen when her mother dies, because she feels it is her duty and she owed it to her mother. The family theme that I identified can be interpreted many different ways from the context that it was written, but these two short stories were appropriate for this theme. Frustration another prevailing theme in some of Joyces work has also been outlined in Araby. Everyday the boy would suffer with an infatuation with a girl he could never have. He even had to deal with his frustration of his self-serving uncle, which he and his aunt were afraid of. The absolute epitome of frustration comes from his uncle when he arrived late at home delaying the one chance of going to Araby. When the boy arrives at Araby to find out that all of the shops are closed his true frustration was reveled on the inside. James Joyce, the man who implied all of his themes was a master of disguise because this theme was an extreme accomplishment to find. The dream of escape comes into play in his stories also. In Araby the boy after arriving at Araby he discovered that everything had already closed. That was his one and only implied chance of escape from his Uncle that was so cruel and uncaring, even unflinching towards what he wanted to do with his life. Joyce uses all of the p revious frustration endured by the boy as a springboard for the epiphany he realized in the end. Before the boy had accepted all of the frustration that had come with his life and after the destruction of what was supposed to be his magical escape at the Araby all of the frustration turns into anger and darkness. This theme not only appears in his short stories but in his major works as well. In Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man;, the leading characters name is a suggestion of escape with Dedalus of course referring to the ancient Greek inventor who fashioned wings from wax and flew away. By examining two of author James Joyces works Eveline and Araby, we can draw that both of these stories incorporate love tales. The first case is in Eveline involves a woman named Eveline who struggles to separate herself her family in order to follow her love into the arms of her young beau named Frank. The latter work Araby tells the story of a young teen who finds himself falling in love a beautiful woman who lives in his neighborhood, and tries to impress her by getting her something from the festival bearing the name of the storys title. Each work has elements such as setting, symbols, and themes, which are repeated in his writing that provides Joyce with a writing style that is his. The series of short stories included in Dubliners depict a broken morale in and around the city of Dublin. The early 1900s marked a time of disheartened spirits not only in Dublin but all of Ireland. England still clutched Ireland under its own control. The citizens were bitter and dismayed. In sayi ng this it brings me to my next subject. In James Joyces Dubliners, the seven deadly sins are apparent in a number of cases, and often times contribute to the downfall of the character. There are also a number of cases of a mention of hats. The hats reoccur often enough to give them an impact on the theme of the book as a motif. Joyce uses hats to contribute to the theme that sin is a way of life by acting as a symbol of the sin whenever they appear. Just as people wear hats everyday, the Dubliners are portrayed as people who sin everyday. Sin is a regular thing to them, and is as common as a hat. In fact, the hat in James Joyces Dubliners is symbolic of sin, since every time a person is mentioned to be wearing a hat, they are also committing a sin, and even when that hat is not being worn, as long as it is present, some form of that sin is present. From Two Gallants;, to Grace;, to Counterparts;, the motif of hats is always pared with sin as an everyday occurrence and way of life. .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 , .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .postImageUrl , .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 , .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2:hover , .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2:visited , .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2:active { border:0!important; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2:active , .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2 .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f9f4345271e8c3cfcf5ac307a6b60c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dear Charles Darwin, EssayThese are just some parallels, which one could draw between the many stories that James Joyce has written. One thing that always bothered readers of Joyces works is that he relied so heavily on using his own experiences as foundations for his stories. Joyce was notorious for using common themes in his stories and leaving them for the reader to find and interpret, sometimes slipping them in when the reader doesnt even notice till later. This repetition allows one to relate to Joyce as a writer and a person for much of what this famous author writes is a direct reflection of the man known as James Joyce.

20th Century Art free essay sample

Art in the 20th Century In the first half of the 20th century, the world was in complete upheaval. Between 1900 and 1945, there were two global wars, and people everywhere saw the rise in Communism, Fascism, Nazism, and the Great Depression (Gardner 724). In this time, there was an extreme change in art; artists questioned the meaning, purpose, form, and overall traditional outlook on the arts. These painters and sculptors explored the boundaries of art and they openly rejected classical, academic, and conventional examples of what art was supposed to be (Video Notes). At this time in history, ocial, political, and economic terms were being reshaped and redefined, and the artistic world followed suit. There were many different artistic movements that were sparked by the chaos and instability of the world before World War II. These include, but are not limited to Fauvism, Cubism, and Dadaism (Gardner 724). Fauvism refers to wild beasts (artists/fauves), a name given by a critic, who expressed whatever they wanted to however they wanted to. Cubism emerged with Pablo Picassos Les Demoiselles dAvignon, which was a painting that presented a radical new way to represent form and space. This particular painting had fgures that were inspired by the rediscovery of primitive art (with African and ancient Iberian influence). Picasso experimented with visual expression, and he took a dramatic departure from careful representation of a visual reality. It seems as though the fgures in his paintings were put onto canvas as he thought them, not in a rational or organized way (Video Notes). As a result of WWI, Dadaism also hit the artistic world. Dada was a massive movement and response to the corruption and homicide that was going on in the war. The Dadaists had a particular attitude and mind set, rather than a specific style. They believed that Enlightenment and reason had produced global devastation, and they turned away from logic to prize the irrational (Video Notes). Critics thought this movement to be outwardly absurd. But, the Dadaists were successful in relaying their message of confusion and pessimism in regards to the war. They had disdain for convention and tradition, and this fostered a serious examination of the basic premises and rules of art. An example of a Dada artist and piece is Marcel Duchamp and his Fountain. Duchamp took a ready made sculpture, (a urinal), and tried to force iewers to see a new light on the object (Gardner 745). This was outrageous, of course, in the eyes of critics. But Duchamp was able to aggressively challenge artistic conventions and boundaries by signing his name to artworks that were everyday objects. These three movements are only a handful that tried to bring out the irrational in art. These movements influenced others, and led to more expressive art that could test the meaning and definition of what art was supposed to be. The second World War left an intense mark on the latter half of the 20th century. Even though the global war ended, there was not global peace. There was upheaval in the cultural sphere of the world, and tradition was shattered by rebels all around. The youth questioned the status quo, and broke free from the mainstream social standards by supporting unconventional dress, manners, and habits (Gardner 788). There was a new spirit of rebellion in the air, which resulted in a sexual revolution, the use/abuse ot drugs, rock and roll music, and a rejection ot sexism and racism. The war had created a pervasive sense of despair, disillusionment, and skepticism, which was an ideal subject and form for the artists of that time. Many cynics in Europe found their voices in Existentialism, which was a philosophy asserting the absurdity of human existence and the impossibility of achieving certitude (Gardner 789). Many of the people who embraced Existentialism also started to question the existence of God. This social ideal reflected itself in the art found in postwar expressionism, especially in Europe. The artists showed despair, brutality, roughness, and pessimism in their art (Gardner 789). From this new-found expressionism came abstract art. Abstract art explicates the state of mind of the artist, and is purposed to trike emotional chords in the viewer (Gardner 790). A well known abstract artist that came from this time was Jackson Pollock. In his painting, Number 1, Pollock rhythmically dripped, splattered, dribbled, flung, and poured paint onto a vast canvas. It was a spontaneous, but accordingly, choreographed art where Pollock emphasized the creative aspects of abstract art. The term was coined action art, because Pollock actively applied paint to the canvas with more than Just a paint brush. He fully immersed himself into his paintings, and was able to completely express himself. This was true abstract art, and had come a long way from the traditional, organized, and precise paintings of Raphael and Michelangelo. There was also a social-economic change in the 20th century. In the Renaissance and other art movements, artists were given patronage by high-class citizens and churches. Art then was created for a purpose, whether it was to promote a King or to tell a Bible story on a church wall. As the century changed, economic ability changed, and middle-class people were now able to buy and sponsor art (Video Notes). This created a dynamic change in the status quo of art, because before it was only for the ich. Now, middle-class art lovers could enjoy high-quality art in their own living room. The subject of art changed from informative and propaganda to expression and interest. It also started a new way to view art. Museums and Art Clubs emerged, and people openly interpreted and critiqued art. This was influenced by the new time and thinking: that traditional aspects in art should be questioned. In the later quarter of the 20th century, social and political movements formed, and art was created to support those movements. Some of these movements fought or things like equality between races, womens rights, and environmental protection. There were also significant gains in artistic mediums as video, photography, multimedia art, ceramics, etc. filled the artists time and energy. The world was in revolution and change, and art followed the example. Where art was once planned, beautiful, and religious; it became rugged, different, and abstractly subjective by the end of the 20th century. It is interesting to note how art changes with time, especially with social, political, and economic changes. It seems as though art went through its own Existential Crisis in the 20th century.

Advertising and Mass Awareness

Table of Contents Introduction The Past The Present The Future of Advertising Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Advertising can be defined as a kind of commercial mass communication intended to advance the sale of goods and services. It can as well be viewed as a message designed by an organization or an individual to encourage members of the public to adopt a certain policy (Louw 14). Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Advertising and Mass Awareness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the definition, it is eminent that advertising can be viewed from various viewpoints. However, the main aim of advertising is to increase a company’s sales of goods and services. Advertising is a common phenomenon in the contemporary world, having started many years ago when individuals wanted to improve the image of their organizations or their life styles. In the 20th century, advertising turned out to be a reliable source of expanding the operations of an organization, as well as increasing the popularity of individuals during campaigns. Some of the media such as newspapers, TV, mails, magazines and the internet became some of the important mediums used by organizations and political leaders to convince members of the public to endorse their ideologies. Advertising has always been utilized to distribute information to consumers, even though it has both negative and positive impacts. Advertising can be used to persuade people to engage in unhealthy actions such as smoking or drinking, which are proved harmful to individual health. As globalization was witnessed in the mid 20th century, people had to advertise their goods, agendas and ideologies in order to match increasing competition in the world (Kleppner 23). During the Cold War, the two superpowers utilized advertising to convince the global public to accept their ideologies. Advertising has grown with time meaning that it keeps on changing. The Past In the 1950s, the advertising industry flourished owing to the availability of communication mediums such as TV sets, radio and many others. A single sponsor mainly funded many programs in the TV and Radios. People respected TV’s adverts after realizing that they could influence an individual’s choice of a product or idea. Consequently, the adverts that were previously considered cheap became expensive to an extent that only big corporations and prominent individuals would afford. Moreover, the lengths of adverts became shorter because there were many people wishing to advertise their goods and services via the same media. Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since it was the main channel of advertising, various individuals purchased the TV sets in 1960s and 1970s in order to access important information from political leaders and businessp ersons (Horkheimer 12). In 1980s, there were further developments when there were additional cable TV, which gave rise to ESPN, CNN and MTV. At this time, there were changes in the advertising industry whereby commercials turned out to be less real and fantastic (Habermas 31). Companies went ahead to convince the public to consume their products or services without considering health concerns. For instance, the Coca-Cola Company encouraged people to consume its drinks without revealing the contents. Scholars at the time were keen to criticize the commercial adverts because people could consume substandard products only because they are advertised in the TV (Lears 54). Some believed that all products were the same, only that they are packaged differently to confuse the consumer. For instance, General Mills Company produced more than 65 different cereals. The company could advertise the products differently hence confusing the consumer to believe that the products are made different ly, with different ingredients. Critics argued that commercial adverts only encouraged the public to consume goods and services according to the adverts. People believed that advertising could solve their consumption needs, which was a false perception (Achbar 21). The Present In the 21st century, advertising is a big business because each company and corporate organization aims at promoting its image through advertising. In 2001 for instance, $18.6 billion were spent on TV advertising in the US alone (Cook 43). In 2002, the US agency on communication reported that $41 billion was spent on broadcast advertising (Graydon 45). This shows how advertising has grown over the years to surpass the expectations of many. Currently, other forms of advertising such as the internet are slowly overtaking traditional forms of advertising such as TV and radio advertising. This is mainly because of the change in technology whereby the consumer is believed to be using the internet frequently, as o pposed to listening or watching the radio and the TV respectively. Digital signage is the main mass media owing to its capability to reach a huge number of consumers at a reduced fee. Furthermore, the company can easily track the progress and the effectiveness of the advert. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Advertising and Mass Awareness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to technology, it is possible in the contemporary world to control the information meant for consumers easily, which would enable the sender to reach the target at a convenient time. The supermarkets are successfully using digital signage to advertise their products. Furthermore, the use of World Wide Web is overtaking the use of traditional mediums of advertising. Individuals are using social sites such as Face book and Twitter during campaigns to popularize their political parties, as well as services. The sites are effective beca use they attract a large audience, especially the youths who are very important in any political process. The Future of Advertising Niche Marketing whereby individuals would be targeting specific regions or audience, owing to increased competition and increased uncertainties in business, would characterize future advertising. Through niche marketing, advertisers would be able to reach many people because this form of advertising would be targeting only a few individuals who would be showing potential interest to consume the goods or services of a particular company. In the past, the aim of many companies was to produce goods in mass and advertise the same goods to the entire public. This system had several shortcomings because the advertiser would not track the usage of the good or service, the profiles of customers could not be established and it consumed many resources and time. Niche marketing is more efficient because it offers advertisers with a chance to define the market cl early. This would help them to come up with adverts that suit a particular market. In other words, niche marketing aims at changing the attitude of the consumer from being reactive to becoming proactive. In future, research would determine the effectiveness of any commercial advert. For any company to attempt to advertise its goods or service, it would first conduct a pre-test research to establish its effectiveness. This would be aimed at reducing the costs because some goods and services might be advertised but their sales would not increase. This is always considered a loss to a firm. From the above analysis, it is true that advertising has undergone various stages, depending on the development of technology. Advertising depends on technology meaning that it changes with the changes in technology. Before the internet age, the TV was the main medium of distributing information.Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that advertising is an important aspect in human life since it contributes to improvement of living standards. Advertising is known for shaping the way people interact, as well as creating mass awareness. As far as its development is concerned, the earlier advertisement channel was mainly the television, radio and the newspaper. Currently, advertisement depends on the internet as the major channel of passing information. Unlike in the past where producers of goods and services would produce in mass and advertisement later, the current producer targets specific markets based on advertisement response. In future, advertisement is projected to improve whereby producers would employ niche marketing. Works Cited Achbar, Mark. Manufacturing consent: Noam Chomsky and the media: the companion book to the award-winning film by Peter Wintonick and Mark Achbar. New York: Black Rose Books, 1994. Print. Cook, Guy. The Discourse of Advertis ing. London: Routledge, 2001. Print. Graydon, Shari. Made You Look – How Advertising Works and Why You Should Know. Toronto: Annick Press, 2003. Print. Habermas, JÃ ¼rgen. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: an Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989. Print. Horkheimer, Max. Dialectic of Enlightenment. London: Allen Lane, 1973. Print. Kleppner, Otto. Advertising Procedure. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1966. Print. Lears, Jackson. Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America. New York: Basic Books, 1995. Print. Louw, Eric. The Media and Cultural Production. London: Sage Publications, 2001. Print. This research paper on Advertising and Mass Awareness was written and submitted by user Elian M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Actinium Facts

10 Actinium Facts Actinium is a radioactive metal that is the first element of the actinide series. Its sometimes considered the third element in Row 7 (last row) of the periodic table or in Group 3 (IIIB), depending on which chemist you ask. Here are 10 interesting facts about actinium. 10 Actinium Facts Actinium has atomic number 89, meaning each atom of the element has 89 protons. Its element symbol is Ac. It is an actinide, which also makes it a member of the rare earth element group, which is itself a subset of the transition metals group.Actinium was discovered in 1899 by French chemist Andre Debierne, who suggested the name for the element. The name comes from the Greek word aktinos or aktis, meaning ray or beam. Debierne was a friend of Marie and Pierre Curie. Some sources suggest he worked with Marie Curie to discover actinium, using a pitchblende sample from which polonium and radium had already been extracted (discovered by the Curies).Actinium was independently discovered again in 1902 by German chemist Friedrich Giesel, who had not heard of Debiernes work. Giesel suggested the name emanium for the element, which comes from the word emanation, meaning to emit rays.All isotopes of actinium are radioactive. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated, even though other radioactive elements had been identified. Radium, radon, and polonium were discovered before actinium but werent isolated until 1902. One of the more noteworthy actinium facts is that the element glows blue in the dark. The blue color comes from the ionization of gases in the air by radioactivity.Actinium is a silver-colored metal that has properties similar to those of lanthanum, the element located directly above it on the periodic table. The density of actinium is 10.07 grams per cubic centimeter. Its melting point is 1050.0Â °C and boiling point is 3200.0Â °C. Like other actinides, actinium readily tarnishes in the air (forming a white actinium oxide layer), is extremely dense, is highly electropositive, and likely forms numerous allotropes. The other actinides readily form compounds with nonmetals, although actinium compounds are not well-known.Although it is a rare natural element, actinium does occur in uranium ores, where it forms from the radioactive decay of uranium and other radioisotopes, such as radium. Actinium is present at an abundance of 0.0005 parts per trillion by mass in the Earths crust. Its abundance in the solar system is negligible overall. There is about 0.15 mg of actinium per ton of pitchblende. Although it is found in ores, actinium is not commercially extracted from minerals. High-purity actinium may be made by bombarding radium with neutrons, causing the radium to decay in a predictable fashion into actinium. The primary use of the metal is for research purposes. It is valuable neutron source because of its high activity level. Ac-225 may be used for cancer treatment. Ac-227 may be used for thermoelectric generators, as for spacecraft.36 isotopes of actinium are known- all radioactive. Actinium-227 and actinium-228 are the two that occur naturally. The half-life of Ac-227 is 21.77 years, while the half-life of Ac-228 is 6.13 hours.One interesting factoid is that actinium is about 150 times more radioactive than radium!Actinium presents a health hazard. If ingested, it is deposited into the bones and the liver, where radioactive decay damages cells, potentially leading to bone cancer or other illnesses.